So, how do we do it? Can we, with confidence, figure out right from wrong? In a time of confusion and multiple choice answers, are we left to our own
devices to know what God wants of us in a particular
circumstance? On the great public moral questions of the day, as well as in the personal no-one-will-know-but-me decisions, how do I form my conscience?
The Lord provides us all the means necessary to grow in the knowledge and power of living His way of self-donating love. First and
foremost, though, we must be willing to seek His Wisdom and Truth, and be open to His Word-especially when it challenges us by requiring sacrifice. " My son, if you take my words to heart, if you set store by my commandments, tuning your ear to
wisdom, and applying your heart to truth: yes, if your plea is for clear perception, if you cry out for discernment, if you look for it as if it were silver, and search for it as for buried treasure, you will then understand what the fear (reverence) of the Lord is, and discover the knowledge of God. For the Lord Himself is giver of wisdom, from his mouth issue knowledge and discernment." Prov. 2: 1-6
Seeking the truth and acting on the truth ("Consecrate them in the truth; your word is truth."
Jn. 17: 17) is like, as Jesus said in Matt. 4: 24-27, a sensible man building his house on rock, it will stand the test. The foolish man who does not act on His words, builds his house on sand and it fails the test. By building our house- forming our conscience- on the foundation of Jesus' Word and using the tools of the underlying principles from the last post, we can raise the 4 walls
of our house with confidence for the tests to come. All 4 walls must be level and in
sinc for the house to be well-built and sturdy. So it is with the formation of our conscience. Let us examine the 4 walls that the Lord provides us:
1. The Holy Spirit. "I still have many things to say to you but they would be too much for you now, but when the Spirit of truth comes he will lead you to the complete truth since he will not be speaking as from himself but will say only what he has learnt, and he will tell you of the things to come."
Jn. 16:13. We can have confidence that the Spirit will lead us to the truth; we just need to ask, seek and listen.
It is our dispositions-our willingness to seek and openness to the Spirit-that determine the benefits of this Gift: "Therefore we teach, not in the way philosophy is taught, but in the way the Spirit teaches us: we teach spiritual things spiritually. An
unspiritual person is one who does not accept anything of the Spirit of God: he sees it all as nonsense; it is beyond his understanding because it can only be understood by means of the Spirit. A
spiritual man, on the other hand, is able to judge the value of everything and his own value is not to be judged by other men. As scripture says: Who can know the mind of the Lord, so who can teach him? But we are those who have the mind of Christ." 1
Corin. 2:13-16
2. Sacred Scripture provides us with teaching, examples and wisdom to learn what is right and wrong-all from God Himself! "All scripture is inspired by God and can be profitably be used for teaching, for refuting error, for guiding people's lives and teaching them to be holy. This is how the man who is dedicated to God becomes fully equipped and ready for any good work." 2 Tim 3: 16-17.
Caution should be taken, however, since Scripture can be
misused and misinterpreted when verses are taken by themselves, that is, unrelated to the rest of Scripture, or out of context. Even
Satan quoted scripture when he tempted Jesus in the desert. But we do not need to be a scripture
scholar to hear the Lord speak to us through His revealed Word. Scripture is clear and straightforward especially where morality is concerned, but if we have questions, "walls 3 & 4" below, will help us.
Watch out for the Scripture train wreck though: the opinion to ignore or
denigrate God's Word as
something dated and out of touch with modern society. This opinion and teaching opens the door to rejecting what Sacred Scripture says about a particular moral issue. Proving Scripture wrong, outdated or too "culturally confining" should cause us to question the author's agenda and move us to look elsewhere as we shall see below.
Sacred Scripture came out of the lived experience of the Body of Christ which was then passed on by word of mouth by the apostles. This is another revealed form of the Word of God: Sacred Tradition. Thus it is both Scripture and Tradition that has been given to us by the Lord Himself to, authoritatively, guide and teach the Body of Christ.
3. Church Teaching. Jesus has given us- His Body- a visible head- the Holy Father- anointed by His Spirit, and given the authority to guide and teach us the way of righteousness. "So now I say to you: You are Peter and on this rock I will build my Church. And the gates of the underworld can never hold out against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven: whatever you bind on earth shall be considered bound in heaven, whatever you loose on earth shall be considered loosed in heaven." Matt. 16:18-19
The Pope, united with the Bishops, provides authoritative teaching on doctrine and morality. We clearly see this in the Book of Acts, chapter 15, when Peter, James and the other apostles and elders dealt with a major
controversy in the New Testament Church. Some wanted the newly converted pagans to be
circumcised and follow other Jewish laws in order to become followers of Jesus. They came together, solved the problem, and sent letters and delegates to the churches explaining the settlement. We, too, have this benefit.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church provides an invaluable reference for Catholic Teaching on both doctrine and morality. It is a resource we should use as we continue in the learning process of forming our conscience.
4.Wise and learned teachers. The last "wall" of our house is the counsel of wise men and women who are faithful to Scripture and Church Teaching, and whose personal lives are examples of following the Lord. "If there are any wise or learned men among you, let them show it by their good lives, with
humility and wisdom in their actions." James 3;1-3 It is very helpful to get objective counsel and teaching from trustworthy men and women of God who can bring clarity and peace to confusing situations.
Caution should be taken, however, to choose "true" not "false" teachers. Jesus describes false teachers (prophets) in Matt. 7:15-20. They are wolves in sheep's clothing. As Paul describes them in Col. 2:8: "Make sure that no one traps you and deprives you of your freedom by some secondhand, empty, rational philosophy based on the principles of this world instead of on Christ." Jesus says that we will be able to tell them by their fruits,
ie. by their personal lives or by the results of their teaching. We seek the truth, not the latest and greatest theological opinion which seems to go against Scripture or Church Teaching. Theological opinions can come from anywhere-the world, flesh, devil or the Holy Spirit.
We should also be aware of our own motivation and goals. "The time is sure to come when, far from being content with sound teaching, people will be avid for the latest novelty and collect themselves a whole series of teachers according to their own tastes; and then, instead of listening to the truth they will turn to myths. Be careful always to choose the right course." 2 Tim 4:3-5 It is very easy to deceive ourselves by the continually seeking
guidance until we hear what we want to hear. Obviously, if this is the case, we are seeking our own will and not God's will.
The 4 walls go together and should be seen in harmony- each, in different ways, saying essentially the same truth. Truth is one, and should therefore confirm itself. The Spirit works through Scripture, Church Teaching and wise counsel to help us form our conscience. The Spirit will also strengthen us to live out the truth we arrive at in our search, especially when this truth involves the cross. Knowing and living the truth will bear the fruit of the Spirit in our lives: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, truthfulness, gentleness and self-control: Gal. 5:22. On the other hand, the distorted formation of our conscience will have the opposite fruits in our lives: confusion, self-seeking, pride, guilt, and behavior that enslaves-sin.
Some questions to guide us:
-Truth is one. Do all the means of formation line up? If not, why not?
-What does Scripture say about the subject?
-What is the Church's teaching on the matter?
-Is my chosen counselor someone who is faithful to Church teaching?
-Will my decision bring me closer or further away from the Lord?
-What would Jesus do?
-Am I open to not getting my way?
-Am I willing to obey God's revealed truth even if I don't want to?- many times it is not a question of what is the truth here, but rather, I don't like the truth.
Am i looking for ways to get around Scripture or Church teaching?`